Authors: Yelda Pinar Figen Govsa Mehmet Asim Ozer Ilgen Ertam
Publish Date: 2016/03/28
Volume: 38, Issue: 9, Pages: 1045-1051
Abstract
The dynamic balance of the eyebrows is maintained by the frontal muscle which acts as a brow elevator and the brow depressors include corrugator supercilii muscle CSM procerus depressor supercilii and orbicularis oculi muscles The glabellar rhytids might appear as a result of negative emotions such as anger anxiety fatigue fear or disapproval For youthful and calmer eyes CSM may restore the muscle balance more safely and effectively for the treatments of forehead rejuvenation In 50 cadaver hemibrows CSM was dissected to investigate the location position muscle patterns and its relationships to other muscles The location of the CSM was variable five different CSM patterns were defined Pattern 1 rectangularshaped classical type was observed with the frequency of 425 Also three bellies were present in 25 and duplicate muscle in 125 Irregular flat 15 and hypoplastic types 5 were introduced as previously unidentified patterns In muscle specimens 30 had complete symmetry 45 complete asymmetry and 25 semiassymetry Mean CSM thickness length and width were measured as 162 ± 04 2924 ± 64 and 1262 ± 33 mm respectively The distances of the medial origo of the CSM–midline and the lateral origo of the CSM–midline were measured as 554 ± 489 and 1462 ± 417 mm The different patterns of the CSM were undefined previously The findings manifest the necessity of botox treatment peculiar to each individual As insertion points have been releasing fibres to the peripheral muscles it is an evidence of its complicated structure The muscles in the glabella are difficult to demarcate precisely from surface anatomy due to overlapped muscles with intermingled borders where they are attached as individual patterns Hence it might be disadvantageous that different patterns may lead to the risk of asymmetry of the face and brow ptosis in the postinjection period
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