Journal Title
Title of Journal: Brain Imaging and Behavior
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Abbravation: Brain Imaging and Behavior
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Authors: Kaitlin Riddle Carissa J Cascio Neil D Woodward
Publish Date: 2016/03/03
Volume: 11, Issue: 2, Pages: 541-551
Abstract
Increased brain volume is a consistent finding in young children with autism spectrum disorders ASD however the regional specificity and developmental course of abnormal brain structure are less clear Small sample sizes particularly among voxelbased morphometry VBM investigations likely contribute to this difficulty Recently established largescale neuroimaging data repositories have helped clarify the neuroanatomy of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and may prove useful in ASD Structural brain images from the Autism Brain Imaging Database Exchange ABIDE which contains over 1100 participants were analyzing using DARTEL VBM to investigate total brain and tissue volumes and regional brain structure abnormalities in ASD Two overlapping cohorts were analyzed an ‘All Subjects’ cohort n = 833 that included all individuals with usable MRI data and a ‘Matched Samples’ cohort n = 600 comprised of ASD and TD individuals matched within each site on age and sex Total brain and grey matter volumes were enlarged by approximately 1–2 in ASD however the effect reached statistical significance in only the All Subjects cohort Within the All Subjects cohort VBM analysis revealed enlargement of the left anterior superior temporal gyrus in ASD No significant regional changes were detected in the Matched Samples cohort There was a nonsignificant reduction in the correlation between IQ and TBV in ASD compared to TD Brain structure abnormalities in ASD individuals age 6 and older consists of a subtle increase in total brain volume due to enlargement of grey matter with little evidence of regionally specific effectsAll procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards
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