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Title of Journal: Plant Cell Rep

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Abbravation: Plant Cell Reports

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Springer-Verlag

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DOI

10.1016/0022-4731(90)90114-8

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1432-203X

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Revelation of ancestral roles of KNOX genes by a f

Authors: S D Singer N W Ashton
Publish Date: 2007/08/28
Volume: 26, Issue: 12, Pages: 2039-2054
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Abstract

KNOX genes are indispensable elements of indeterminate apical growth programmes of vascular plant sporophytes Since little is known about the roles of such genes in nonvascular plants functional analysis of moss KNOX homologues MKN genes was undertaken using the genetically amenable model plant Physcomitrella patens Three MKN genes were inactivated by targeted gene knockout to produce single double and triple mutants MKN2 a class 1 KNOX gene mutants were characterised by premature sporogenesis abnormal sporophyte ontogeny and irregular spore development MKN4 a second class 1 gene mutants were phenotypically normal MKN13 a class 2 KNOX gene mutants exhibited defects in spore coat morphology Analysis of double and triple mutants revealed that the abnormal sporophytic phenotype of MKN2 mutants was accentuated by mutating MKN4 and to a lesser degree by mutating MKN13 The aberrant spore phenotype of MKN13 and MKN2 mutants was exacerbated by mutating MKN4 This study provides the first instance in which an abnormal phenotype has been associated with the disruption of a class 2 KNOX gene as well as the first demonstrated case of functional redundancy between a class 1 and a class 2 KNOX gene We conclude that KNOX genes play significant roles in programming sporophytic development in moss and we provide evidence that ancestral functions of this gene family were instrumental in the successful transition of plants to a terrestrial environmentThis study was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada NSERC operating grant awarded to NW Ashton and NSERC postgraduate scholarships provided to SD Singer PGSA B We wish to thank W Chapco for invaluable advice concerning statistical analysis and E Barker for searching the genomes of Physcomitrella patens Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Ostreococcus lucimarinus and Ostreococcus tauri

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