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Title of Journal: Theor Appl Climatol

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Abbravation: Theoretical and Applied Climatology

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Springer Vienna

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DOI

10.1002/ana.410020225

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1434-4483

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Seasonal variation of the ITCZ and its characteris

Authors: Tsuneaki Suzuki
Publish Date: 2010/04/11
Volume: 103, Issue: 1-2, Pages: 39-60
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Abstract

We investigated the seasonal march of the Intertropical Convergence Zone ITCZ shown by the 22 coupled general circulation models of the 20th Century Climate in Coupled Models experiment in seven regions Africa Indian Ocean western Pacific central Pacific eastern Pacific South America and Atlantic Ocean Intermodel differences in the seasonal march of the ITCZ over Africa 10–40°E were significantly smaller than those over other regions This finding indicates that the seasonal march of the ITCZ over Africa is insensitive to differences in model physics and resolution and suggests that the seasonal march of the African ITCZ is controlled by robust and simple mechanisms Motivated by this result we tried to understand the process of the seasonal march of the ITCZ over central Africa 15–30°E based on an analysis of ERA40 data The analysis results revealed the following features of the ITCZ in this region 1 The ITCZ itself produces large convective available potential energy that generates deep convection 2 The abundant water vapor within the ITCZ is maintained by horizontal moisture flux 3 Outside but near the ITCZ shallow convection exists and may act to premoisten deep convection in spring and autumn 4 The seasonal change of the ITCZ is preceded by that of the vertical moist instability in the lower free atmosphere caused by the seasonal change in insolationThe author thanks Dr Kozo Nimoniya for his useful comments This work has been supported by the Global Environment Research Fund S52 of the Ministry of the Environment Japan The Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison PCMDI and the WCRP’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling WGCM are also acknowledged for their roles in making the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset available Support for this dataset was provided by the Office of Science US Department of Energy

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