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Title of Journal: Theor Appl Climatol

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Abbravation: Theoretical and Applied Climatology

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Springer Vienna

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DOI

10.1007/3-540-52609-9_76

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1434-4483

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The influence of atmospheric circulation on the in

Authors: Marek Półrolniczak Leszek Kolendowicz Agnieszka Majkowska Bartosz Czernecki
Publish Date: 2015/10/16
Volume: 127, Issue: 3-4, Pages: 611-625
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Abstract

The study has analyzed influence of an atmospheric circulation on urban heat island UHI and urban cold island UCI in Poznań Analysis was conducted on the basis of temperature data from two measurement points situated in the city center and in the Ławica airport reference station and the data concerning the air circulation Niedźwiedź’s calendar of circulation types and reanalysis of National Centers for Environmental Prediction NCEP/National Center for Atmospheric Research NCAR The cases with UHI constitute about 85  of all data and UCI phenomena appear with a frequency of 14  a year The intensity of UHI phenomenon is higher in the anticyclonic circulation types During the year in anticyclonic circulation intensity of UHI is 12 °C on average while in cyclonic is only 08 °C The occurring of UHI phenomena is possible throughout all seasons of the year in all hours of the day usually in anticyclonic circulation types The cases with highest UHI intensity are related mostly to nighttime The cases of UCI phenomena occurred almost ever on the daytime and the most frequently in colder part of the year together with cyclonic circulation Study based on reanalysis data indicates that days with large intensity of UHI above 4 5 and 6 °C are related to anticyclonic circulation Anticyclonic circulation is also promoting the formation of the strongest UCI Results based on both reanalysis and the atmospheric circulation data Niedźwiedź’s circulation type confirm that cases with the strongest UHI and UCI during the same day occur in strong highpressure system with the center situated above Poland or central EuropeThe process of urbanization has a significant impact on the properties of the surface of the earth and the atmosphere The characteristic features of the urbanized areas cause the positive air temperature anomalies in comparison with surrounding areas what is called as the urban heat island UHI phenomenon Oke 1978The intensity of UHI is calculated as a difference between urban and rural air temperatures and depends on many factors such as the following the size of the city and its population topography climate zone and meteorological conditions Oke et al 1991 Considering the synoptic conditions the biggest influence on the UHI intensity is cloudiness and wind speed The intensity of UHI reaches the highest values under cloudless sky and light wind conditions Montavez et al 2000 Morris et al 2001As can be seen from the previous papers considering this research problem the maximal intensity of UHI occurs during anticyclonic synoptic situations Yague et al 1991 Unger 1996 Additionally Morris and Simmonds 2000 show that the intensity of UHI depends on the position of the center of the high pressure and the dominant direction of the air advection but they also indicate that the lowest UHI intensity does not occur under cyclonic synoptic situations but under northwestern advection coming from anticyclonic circulation An interesting approach to the problem was shown by Mihalakakou et al 2002 using the neural network model to the simulation of UHI under different synoptic typesAs the most of recent UHI research has focused on typically optimal for UHI initial conditions clear sky and windless or near windless weather events significantly less details are known about the relationship of UHI intensity and various synoptic conditions In the previous research undertaking the UHI and synoptic condition many authors calculated UHI and intensity based on beforedivided categories of synoptic conditions Unwin 1980 Yague et al 1991 or taking into consideration the groups of UHI cases depending of their magnitude and composite techniques revealed influence of the prevailing synoptic conditions on various UHI magnitudes Morris and Simmonds 2000Research results concerning average intensity of UHI show a clear relationship between city size and the intensity of UHI The maximal intensity of the UHI is a linear function of the logarithm of the population In large American cities during favorable weather conditions the intensity of UHI can exceed 12 °C while in European cities often reach 10 °C Oke 1973 The highest maximum UHI in Rotterdam is in late spring and summer with 95 percentile values from 43 °C to more than 8 °C Steeneveld et al 2011 van Hove et al 2014 In Madrid the maximal intensity of UHI in the summer months can reach 5 °C Fabrizi et al 2011 while in Rome 3–4 °C during nighttime and negative or almost zero UHI intensity during daytime Fabrizi et al 2010Previous studies concerning the UHI phenomena in Poznań were conducted only on 1year data period from years 1992–1993 Koczorowska 1995 Last study based on the period 2008–2011 conducted in the Department of Climatology Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań indicates that the UHI phenomenon is commonly occurring in the central areas of the city The mean annual intensity of UHI is about 1 °C However the maximal UHI exceeds 7 °C It is also known that maximal intensity of UHI and urban cold island UCI phenomena in Poznań is more noticeable in the warm half of the year doctor dissertation by Busiakiewicz 2011The main objective of this paper is to characterize the UHI and UCI phenomena under various synoptic conditions in the city of Poznań based on the in situ measurement data from two measurement points located in the city center and the airport area in the period 2008–2013

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