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Title of Journal: Clim Dyn

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Abbravation: Climate Dynamics

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Springer-Verlag

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1432-0894

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Hovmöller diagrams of climate anomalies in NCEP/NC

Authors: Klemens Hocke Niklaus Kämpfer
Publish Date: 2009/11/20
Volume: 36, Issue: 1-2, Pages: 355-364
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Abstract

Atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis data of the past 60 years are visualized by time–latitude cross sections which inform about temporal and latitudinal variability changes and meridional circulation of the climate system on time scales from years to decades The diagrams ease the understanding of climate dynamics in a similar way as the Hovmöller diagram has clarified the zonal propagation of synopticscale waves in a latitude band Thus the time–latitude cross sections are referred to as Hovmöller diagrams of climate anomalies Various parameters are selected at the Earth’s surface level air temperature pressure sea surface temperature columnintegrated atmospheric water vapour IWV surface relative humidity and surface wind Contour lines of one parameter are overlayed on the color image of the other parameter so that relations and coincidences of trends oscillations and sudden changes of the climate are revealed Temporal variations of IWV and surface relative humidity appear to be related to the strength of the Southern polar front jet In case of ENSO 1997/1998 the equatorial IWV enhancement is accompanied by acceleration of the meridional circulation cells of the Southern Hemisphere Meridional surface wind data suggest the existence of double polar cells in both hemispheres The Southern polar cells switched to a higher circulation speed in 1997 and surface relative humidity increased over Antarctica A sudden and persistent decrease of surface pressure occurred in Antarctica around 1980 Since 2000 a rapid increase of surface air temperature sea surface temperature and IWV occurs in the Northern Hemisphere These results of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis have to be crossvalidated with other reanalyses climate models and pure observations which will be a major endeavourWe are grateful to the Swiss Global Atmosphere Watch program GAWCH for support of the study within the project SHOMING Motivation and advices came from working groups of GEOMON European Union COST WaVaCS European Cooperation in Science and Technology and International Space Science Institute Bern CH We owe thanks to the Climate Diagnostics Center of NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 project and the ICOADS project data were provided by NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD Boulder Colorado USA Finally we thank the three reviewers for their constructive comments and many improvements

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