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Title of Journal: Clim Dyn

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Abbravation: Climate Dynamics

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Springer-Verlag

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DOI

10.1007/s11104-006-0003-6

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1432-0894

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How well do reanalyses represent the southern Afri

Authors: Qiong Zhang Heiner Körnich Karin Holmgren
Publish Date: 2012/06/22
Volume: 40, Issue: 3-4, Pages: 951-962
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Abstract

Monthlymean precipitation observations over southern Africa are used to evaluate the performance of eight global reanalyses ERA40 ERAinterim JRA25 MERRA CFSR NCEPR1 NCEPR2 and 20CRv2 All eight reanalyses reproduce the regionally averaged seasonal cycle fairly well a few spatial mismatches with the observations are found in the climate mean for the rainy season Principal component analyses show a dipole in the leading modes of all reanalyses however with crucial differences in its spatial position Possible reasons for the differences between the reanalyses are discussed on the basis of the ERAinterim and 20CRv2 results A comparison between the moisture transports shows that ERAinterim manifests a very strong moisture convergence over the eastern equatorial Atlantic resulting in the strong precipitation here This excessive convergence may be due to the water–vapor assimilation and convection parameterization Over the Indian Ocean the ITCZ is shifted northward in ERAinterim compared to its position in 20CRv2 This discrepancy is most likely attributable to the meridional SST gradients in the Indian Ocean which are significantly larger in the ERAinterim than those in the 20CRv2 and the resulting atmospheric response prevents a southward shift of the ITCZ Overall the consistent description of the dynamical circulation of the atmosphere and the hydrological cycle appears as a crucial benchmark for reanalysis data Based on our evaluation the preferential reanalysis for investigating the climate variability over southern Africa is 20CRv2 that furthermore spans the longest time period hence permitting the most precise investigations of interannual to decadal variabilityThis work was supported by the Swedish Research Council project Holocene climate variability in southern Africa and by the Bert Bolin Centre for Climate research We are very grateful to the two anonymous reviewers and the editor Susanna Corti for their helpful comments and suggestions

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