Journal Title
Title of Journal: Hydrogeology Journal
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Abbravation: Hydrogeology Journal
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Publisher
Springer-Verlag
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Authors: Cüneyt Güler Geoffrey D Thyne John E McCray Keith A Turner
Publish Date: 2002/05/09
Volume: 10, Issue: 4, Pages: 455-474
Abstract
A robust classification scheme for partitioning water chemistry samples into homogeneous groups is an important tool for the characterization of hydrologic systems In this paper we test the performance of the many available graphical and statistical methodologies used to classify water samples including Collins bar diagram pie diagram Stiff pattern diagram Schoeller plot Piper diagram Qmode hierarchical cluster analysis Kmeans clustering principal components analysis and fuzzy kmeans clustering All the methods are discussed and compared as to their ability to cluster ease of use and ease of interpretation In addition several issues related to data preparation database editing datagap filling data screening and data quality assurance are discussed and a database construction methodology is presentedThe use of graphical techniques proved to have limitations compared with the multivariate methods for large data sets Principal components analysis is useful for data reduction and to assess the continuity/overlap of clusters or clustering/similarities in the data The most efficient grouping was achieved by statistical clustering techniques However these techniques do not provide information on the chemistry of the statistical groups The combination of graphical and statistical techniques provides a consistent and objective means to classify large numbers of samples while retaining the ease of classic graphical presentationsUn système robuste de classification pour répartir des échantillons de chimie de leau en groupes homogènes est un outil important pour la caractérisation des hydrosystèmes Dans ce papier nous testons les performances des nombreuses méthodes graphiques et statistiques disponibles utilisées pour réaliser une classification des échantillons deau ces méthodes sont les suivantes les diagrammes en barres de Collins en camembert de Stiff de Schoeller de Piper lanalyse hiérarchique en grappe en mode Q le regroupement de moyennes K lanalyse en composantes principales et le regroupement flou de moyennes K Toutes ces méthodes sont discutées et comparées quant à leur aptitude à regrouper et leur facilité de mise en œuvre et dinterprétation En outre plusieurs points relatifs à la préparation des données à lédition des bases de données à la reconstitution de données manquantes à lexamen des données et au contrôle de validité des données sont discutés et une méthodologie délaboration dune base de données est proposéeLutilisation de techniques graphiques a démontré quelle présente des limites par rapport aux méthodes multidimensionnelles pour les jeux importants de données Lanalyse en composantes principales est utile pour réduire les données et pour évaluer la continuité/recouvrement des groupes ou le groupement/similitude dans les données Le groupement le plus efficace est assuré par les techniques statistiques de regroupement en grappes Cependant ces techniques ne fournissent pas dinformation sur le chimisme des groupes statistiques La combinaison de techniques graphiques et statistiques donne les moyens solides et objectifs de faire une classification dun grand nombre déchantillons tout en conservant la facilité des représentations graphiques classiquesDisponer de un esquema sólido de clasificación química de muestras de agua en grupos homogéneos es una herramienta importante para la caracterización de sistemas hidrológicos En este artículo contrastamos la utilidad de muchas metodologías gráficas y estadísticas disponibles para clasificar muestras de aguas entre ellas hay que citar el diagrama de barras de Collins diagramas de sectores diagrama de Stiff gráfico de Schoeller diagrama de Piper análisis jerárquico de conglomerados en modoQ conglomerados de Kmedias análisis de componentes principales y conglomerados difusos de kmedias Se discute todos los métodos comparándolos en función de su capacidad para establecer agrupaciones de su facilidad de uso y de su facilidad de interpretación Además se discute varios aspectos relacionados con la entrada de datos edición de bases de datos extrapolación de datos en series incompletas visualización de datos y garantía de calidad de los datos y se presenta una metodología para elaborar una base de datosSe demuestra que el uso de técnicas gráficas padece limitaciones respecto a los métodos multivariados para conjuntos de datos numerosos El análisis de componentes principales es útil para reducir el número de datos y establecer la continuidad/superposición de grupos o agrupaciones/similaridades en los datos Los resultados más efectivos se logran mediante técnicas estadísticas de agrupamiento sin embargo éstas no proporcionan información sobre la química de los grupos estadísticos La combinación de técnicas gráficas y estadísticas posibilita un enfoque coherente y objetivo para clasificar números elevados de muestras y a la vez mantener la facilidad de las presentaciones gráficas convencionales
Keywords:
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- Remediation scenarios for selenium contamination, Blackfoot watershed, southeast Idaho, USA
- Radiocarbon dating and the 36 Cl/Cl evolution of three Great Artesian Basin wells at Dalhousie, South Australia
- Influence of rainfall on the deformation and stability of a slope in overconsolidated clays: a case study
- Transport and deposition of suspended particles in saturated porous media: hydrodynamic effect
- Model of hydrological behaviour of the anthropized semiarid wetland of Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park (Spain) based on surface water–groundwater interactions
- Determination of hydraulic parameters of an unconfined alluvial aquifer by the floodwave-response technique
- A theoretical analysis of basin-scale groundwater temperature distribution
- Numerical modeling of stress-permeability coupling in rough fractures
- Using Hydrogeochemical Methods To Evaluate Complex Quaternary Subsurface Stratigraphy Block Island, Rhode Island, USA
- Karst groundwater: a challenge for new resources
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- Groundwater management by riverbank filtration and an infiltration channel: the case of Obrenovac, Serbia
- Interactions between groundwater and surface water: the state of the science
- A hydrogeological conceptual approach to study urban groundwater flow in Bucharest city, Romania
- Groundwater recharge: an overview of processes and challenges
- Integrating hydraulic conductivity with biogeochemical gradients and microbial activity along river–groundwater exchange zones in a subtropical stream
- Is self-regulation a myth? Case study on Spanish groundwater user associations and the role of higher-level authorities
- Reply to comment on “Geochemical heterogeneity and isotope geochemistry of natural attenuation processes in a gasoline-contaminated aquifer at the Hnevice site, Czech Republic”: report published in Hydrogeology Journal (2007) 15: 961-976, by Barbora Topinkova, Kamil Nesetril, Josef Datel, Ondrej Nol, Petr Hosl
- Automatic estimation of aquifer parameters using long-term water supply pumping and injection records
- Book review: Groundwater around the World: A Geographic Synopsis, by Jean Margat and Jac van der Gun (CRC Press, 2013)
- Effect of sorption intensities on dispersivity and macro-dispersion coefficient in a single fracture with matrix diffusion
- The bailer test: a simple effective pumping test for assessing borehole success
- Groundwater resources in the Upper Guadiana Basin (Spain): a regional modelling analysis
- Groundwater source assessment program for the state of Hawaii, USA: methodology and example application
- Thermal tracer testing in a sedimentary aquifer: field experiment (Lauswiesen, Germany) and numerical simulation
- Heterogeneous seepage at the Nopal I natural analogue site, Chihuahua, Mexico
- The role of faulting on surface deformation patterns from pumping-induced groundwater flow (Las Vegas Valley, USA)
- Investigating the influence of aquifer heterogeneity on the potential for thermal free convection in the Yarragadee Aquifer, Western Australia
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- Effect of advective mass transfer on field scale fluid and solute movement: Field and modeling studies at a waste disposal site in fractured rock at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA
- The impact of intensive groundwater abstraction on recharge to a shallow regional aquifer system: evidence from Bangladesh
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- Ground truthing groundwater-recharge estimates derived from remotely sensed evapotranspiration: a case in South Australia
- Estimation of aquifer hydraulic parameters from surface geophysical measurements: a case study of the Upper Cretaceous aquifer, central Sinai, Egypt
- MODFLOW procedure to simulate axisymmetric flow in radially heterogeneous and layered aquifer systems
- Estimating groundwater recharge beneath irrigated farmland using environmental tracers fluoride, chloride and sulfate
- Effects of climate change on groundwater resources at Shelter Island, New York State, USA
- Simulated impacts of artificial groundwater recharge and discharge on the source area and source volume of an Atlantic Coastal Plain stream, Delaware, USA
- Investigating pesticide transport in the León-Chinandega aquifer, Nicaragua
- Simultaneous parameter identification of a heterogeneous aquifer system using artificial neural networks
- A conceptual approach for assessing the impact of climate change on groundwater and related surface waters in cold regions (Finland)
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