Journal Title
Title of Journal: HYJO
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Abbravation: Hydrogeology Journal
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Publisher
Springer-Verlag
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Authors: Anne I Veeger Byron D Stone
Publish Date: 2012/11/20
Volume: 4, Issue: 4, Pages: 69-82
Abstract
One of the major problems in hydrogeologic investigations of glaciated regions is the determination of complex stratigraphic relationships in the subsurface where insufficient information is available from drilling and geophysical records In this paper chemical characteristics of groundwater were used to identify stratigraphic changes in glacial deposits that were previously inferred on Block Island Rhode Island USA an emergent remnant of the late Wisconsinan terminal moraine located approximately 16 km south of the Rhode Island mainland Two chemically distinct water types are recognized on the island 1 highiron characterized by dissolved silica levels in excess of 20 mg/L bicarbonate greater than 30 mg/L and dissolved iron ranging from 1–20 mg/L and 2 lowiron characterized by dissolved silica levels below 16 mg/L bicarbonate less than 30 mg/L and less than 03 mg/L dissolved iron The spatial distribution of ironbearing minerals and organic matter and the resulting redox conditions are believed to control the occurrence of highiron groundwater The highiron waters occur almost exclusively in the eastern half of the island and appear to coincidence with the presence of allochthonous blocks of Cretaceousage coastalplain sediments that were incorporated into Pleistoceneage deposits derived from the Narragansett BayBuzzards Bay lobe of the Late Wisconsinan Laurentide ice sheet The lowiron waters occur in the western half of the island where the occurrence of these Cretaceousage blocks is rare and the sediments are attributed to a sublobe of the HudsonChamplain lobe of the Late Wisconsinan icesheetLun des principaux problèmes dans les études hydrogeologiques des régions qui ont été englacées est la définition des relations stratigraphiques complexes sous la surface lá où les informations fournies par les forages et par la géophysique sont insuffisantes Dans lexemple traité les caractéristiques chimiques de leau souterraine sont utilisées pour identifier les variations stratigraphiques dans les dépôts glaciaires qui avaient auparavant été supposées sur lîle de Block Rhode Island restes émergeant dune moraine terminale du Wisconsinien récent situéà environ 16 km au sud de Rhode Island Deux types deau chimiquement distincts ont été reconnus dans lîle 1 à fortes teneurs en fer caractérisées par des concentrations en silice supérieures à 20 mg/L en bicarbonates supérieures à 30 mg/L et en fer comprises entre 1 et 20 mg/L et 2 à faibles teneurs en fer marquées par des concentrations en silice inférieures à 16 mg/L en bicarbonate inférieures à 30 mg/L et en fer dissous inférieures à 03 mg/L La distribution spatiale des minéraux riches en fer et de la matière organique et les conditions redox résultantes contrôlent probablement la présence de fer dans les eaux souterraines à fortes concentrations Les eaux à fortes teneurs en fer sont connues presque exclusivement dans la moitié orientale de lîle et semblent coïncider avec la présence de blocs allochtones provenant des sédiments côtiers crétacés introduits dans les formations pléistocènes liées au lobe glaciaire des baies de Narragansett et du Busard de la calotte glaciaire laurentide du Wisconsinien récent Les eaux à faibles teneurs en fer apparaissent dans la moitié occidentale de lîle là où ces blocs de Crétacé sont rares et où les sédiments sont attrbués à une digitation du lobe de lHudsonChamplain de la calotte glaciaire du Wisconsinien récentUno de los mayores problemas en la investigación hidrogeológica en regiones glaciares es la determinación de las complejas relaciones estratigráficas en el subsuelo donde la información procedente de registros de perforaciones y de geofísica no es suficiente En este artículo se han usado las características químicas del agua subterránea para identificar unos cambios estratigráficos que se habían predicho previamente en unos depósitos glaciares en Block Island Rhode Island Estados Unidos un remanente emergente de la morrena terminal del Winsconsiniense tardío situada unos 16 km al sur de la Rhode Island continental En la isla se encuentran dos tipos de agua distintos 1 de alto contenido en hierro caracterizada por niveles de sílice disuelto superando los 20 mg/L bicarbonatos por encima de 30 mg/L y hierro disuelto oscilando entre 1–20 mg/L y 2 de bajo contenido en hierro caracterizada por niveles de sílice disuelto inferiores a 16 mg/L bicarbonatos por debajo de 30 mg/L y menos de 03 mg/L de hierro disuelto La distribución espacial de los minerales ricos en hierro y de la materia orgánica así como las condiciones redox resultantes se supone que condicionan la presencia de aguas de alto contenido en hierro Estas aguas aparecen casi exclusivamente en la mitad oriental de la isla y parecen coincidir con la presencia de bloques alóctonos de sedimentos costeros de edad cretácica que se incorporaron a los depósitos de edad pleistocena procedentes del lóbulo de la Bahía de NarragansettBahía de Buzzard correspondiente a la capa glaciar del WinsconsinienseLauréntido tardío Las aguas de bajo contenido en hierro aparecen en la mitad occidental de la isla donde la presencia de estos sedimentos de edad cretácica es rara y los sedimentos se suponen procedentes de un sublóbulo del lóbulo de HudsonCamplain correspondiente a la capa glaciar del Winsconsiniense tardío
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