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Title of Journal: Hydrogeol J

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Abbravation: Hydrogeology Journal

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Springer-Verlag

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DOI

10.1016/0014-3057(94)90040-x

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1435-0157

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The impact of intensive groundwater abstraction on

Authors: Mohammad Shamsudduha Richard G Taylor Kazi M Ahmed Anwar Zahid
Publish Date: 2011/04/14
Volume: 19, Issue: 4, Pages: 901-916
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Abstract

Quantitative evaluations of the impact of groundwater abstraction on recharge are rare Over a period 1975–2007 during which groundwater abstraction increased dramatically in the Bengal Basin changes in net groundwater recharge in Bangladesh are assessed using the watertable fluctuation method Mean annual groundwater recharge is shown to be higher 300–600 mm in northwestern and southwestern areas of Bangladesh than in southeastern and northeastern regions 100 mm where rainfall and potential recharge are greater Net recharge in many parts of Bangladesh has increased substantially 5–15 mm/year between 1985 and 2007 in response to increased groundwater abstraction for irrigation and urban water supplies In contrast net recharge has slightly decreased −05 to −1 mm/year in areas where groundwaterfed irrigation is low 30 of total irrigation and where abstraction has either decreased or remained unchanged over the period of 1985–2007 The spatiotemporal dynamics of recharge in Bangladesh illustrate the fundamental flaw in definitions of “safe yield” based on recharge estimated under static nonpumping conditions and reveal the areas where 1 further groundwater abstraction may increase actual recharge to the shallow aquifer and 2 current groundwater abstraction for irrigation and urban water supplies is unsustainableRares sont les évaluations de l’impact quantitatif des prélèvements en eau souterraine sur la réalimentation Sur une période qui a vu un accroissement dramatique des prélèvements en eau souterraine dans le bassin du Bengale 1975–2007 les modifications de la réalimentation nette des aquifères au Bangladesh ont été étudiées par la méthode du bilan en eau La réalimentation annuelle moyenne apparaît plus élevée dans le NordOuest et le SudOuest du pays 300–600 mm que dans les secteurs NordEst et SudEst 100 mm où les précipitations et la réalimentation potentielle sont supérieures Dans de nombreuses zones l’infiltration nette a substantiellement augmenté 5–15 mm/an de 1985−2007 en réponse à l’accroissement des prélèvements en eau souterraine pour irrigation et alimentation en eau potable A contrario elle a légèrement décru −05 à −1 mm/an dans les secteurs où l’irrigation sollicite peu la nappe 30 de l’irrigation totale et où les prélèvements ont soit diminué soit stagné de 1985 à 2007 La dynamique spatiotemporelle de la réalimentation au Bangladesh illustre l’imperfection fondamentale de la définition du “débit critique” basé sur une infiltration estimée en conditions statiques sans pompage elle montre les secteurs où 1 des prélèvements supplémentaires peuvent accentuer la réalimentation réelle de l’aquifère peu profond et où 2 les prélèvements actuels pour l’irrigation et l’alimentation en eau potable ne sont pas viablesLas evaluaciones cuantitativas del impacto de la extracción de agua subterránea sobre la recarga son poco comunes Se evaluaron los cambios en la recarga neta de agua subterránea en Bangladesh usando el método de fluctuación de los niveles freáticos en un período 1975–2007 durante el cual la extracción de agua subterránea se incrementó dramáticamente en la Cuenca de Bengala Se demuestra que la recarga media anual de agua subterránea es mayor 300–600 mm en las áreas noroeste y sudoeste de Bangladesh que en las regiones sudeste y noreste 100 mm donde la precipitación y la recarga potencial son mayores La recarga neta en muchas partes de Bangladesh se ha incrementado sustancialmente 5−15 mm/año entre 1985 y 2007 en respuesta al incremento de la extracción de agua subterránea para irrigación y para abastecimiento urbano En contraste la recarga neta ha disminuido levemente −05 a −1 mm/año en áreas donde la alimentación de agua subterránea por la irrigación es baja 30 de la irrigación total y donde la extracción ha disminuido o bien ha permanecido sin cambios en el período de 1985–2007 La dinámica espacio temporal de la recarga en Bangladesh ilustra la falla fundamental en las definiciones de “rendimiento seguro” basada en estimaciones de la recarga bajo condiciones estáticas sin bombeo y revela las áreas donde 1 la extracción ulterior de agua subterránea puede incrementar la recarga real hacia el acuífero somero y 2 la extracción actual de agua subterránea para la irrigación y abastecimiento urbano no es sustentable以往关于地下水开采对补给影响的定量评价很少。在过去的一段时期内 1975–2007年孟加拉流域的地下水开采量急剧增加。本文利用水位动态方法对孟加拉国的净地下水补给量的变化进行了评估。多年平均地下水补给量显示孟加拉国西北和西南地区高300–600 mm而东南及东北地区低100 mm。而后者降雨量和潜在补给量大。作为对用于农业灌溉和城市供水的地下水开采的响应孟加拉国很多地区的地下水净补给量大大增加1985 到2007年每年增加5–15 mm。相反在1985到2007年间农业灌溉依赖地下水较少总灌溉量的30的地区地下水开采量降低或者保持不变净补给量略有下降每年–05– –1 mm。孟加拉国补给量的时空分布表明基于静态没有抽水条件定义的“安全开采量”存在根本缺限表现在1过量的地下水抽取会增加浅部含水层的实际补给量2目前为灌溉和城市供水而进行的地下水抽取是不可持续的。Avaliações quantitativas do impacte da extração de água subterrânea na recarga são raras As alterações da recarga efetiva no Bangladesh são aferidas usando o método da flutuação do nível freático ao longo de um período 1975–2007 durante o qual a extração de água subterrânea aumentou drasticamente na Bacia de Bengal A recarga anual média da água subterrânea revelase mais elevada 300–600 mm nas áreas noroeste e sudoeste de Bangladesh do que nas regiões sudeste e nordeste 100 mm onde a precipitação e a recarga potencial são mais elevadas Em muitas partes do Bangladesh a recarga efetiva aumentou substancialmente 5–15 mm/ano entre 1985 e 2007 como resposta ao aumento da extracção de água subterrânea para rega e abastecimento urbano Por outro lado a recarga efetiva diminuiu ligeiramente −05 to −1 mm/ano nas áreas onde a alimentação da água subterrânea devido à rega é menor 30 da rega total e onde a extração diminuiu ou se manteve constante durante o período de 1985–2007 A dinâmica espaçotemporal da recarga no Bangladesh ilustra o equívoco básico na definição das “extrações sustentáveis” baseada na estimação da recarga sob condições estáticas sem bombagem e releva as áreas onde 1 a continuação da extração de água subterrânea pode aumentar a recarga efetiva do aquífero freático e 2 a actual extraçção de água subterrânea para rega e abastecimento urbano é desadequadaSupport from the UK’s Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EPSRC through a Dorothy Hodgkin Postgraduate Award Ref GR/AKFXDHPA 2007–2011 and a Wingate Scholarship Ref 4387 2010–2011 is kindly acknowledged We thank Richard Chandler University College London UK for his advice on the seasonaltrend decomposition technique We are also grateful to William Burgess and Mohammad Hoque University College London UK and Peter Cook CSIRO Land and Water Australia for helpful suggestions that improved the clarity of arguments presented in the report


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