Journal Title
Title of Journal: Hydrogeol J
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Abbravation: Hydrogeology Journal
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Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Authors: Valentin Wagner Tao Li Peter Bayer Carsten Leven Peter Dietrich Philipp Blum
Publish Date: 2013/11/16
Volume: 22, Issue: 1, Pages: 175-187
Abstract
An active and shortduration thermal tracer test TTT was conducted in a shallow sedimentary aquifer at the Lauswiesen test site near Tübingen Germany By injecting 16 m3 of warm water at 22°C a thermal anomaly was created which propagated along the local groundwater flow direction This was comprehensively monitored in five observation wells at a few meters distance The purpose of this wellcontrolled experiment was to determine the practicability of such a TTT and its suitability to examine hydraulic characteristics of heterogeneous aquifers The results showed that the thermal peak arrival times in the observation wells were consistent with previous observations from alternative field testing such as directpush injection logging DPIL Combined analysis of depthdependent temperatures and peak arrival times and comparison with a numerical heat transport model offers valuable insights into the natural flow field and spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivities The study was able to identify vertical flow focusing and bypassing which are attributed to preferential flow paths common in such sedimentary sand and gravel aquifers These findings are fundamental for further development of experimental designs of active and shortduration TTTs and provide a basis for a more quantitative analysis of advective and conductive transport processesUn test de traceur thermal actif et de courte durée TTT a été effectué dans un aquifère sédimentaire peu profond sur le site test de Lauswiesen près de Tübingen en Allemagne En injectant 16 m3 day’eau chaude à 22°C une anomalie thermique a été créée elle s’est propagée suivant le sens d’écoulement de la nappe Ceci a été intégralement suivi dans cinq puits d’observation à quelques mètres de distance Le but de cette expérience contrôlée au niveau des puits était de déterminer la faisabilité d’un tel TTT ainsi que son adéquation pour étudier les caractéristiques hydrauliques d’aquifères hétérogènes Les résultats montrent que les instants d’arrivée des pics thermiques dans les puits d’observation sont cohérents avec des observations précédentes obtenues à partir d’autres tests de terrain tels que des logging d’injection par impulsion directe DPIL L’analyse combinée des températures en fonction de la profondeur et les instants d’arrivée des pics et la comparaison avec un modèle numérique de transport de chaleur offre des aperçus de qualité sur le champ d’écoulement naturel et la distribution spatiale des conductivités hydrauliques L’étude a permis d’identifier les composantes de flux vertical et de dérivation qui sont attribuées à des chenaux d’écoulement préférentiels courants dans de tels aquifères sédimentaires sablograveleux Ces découvertes sont fondamentales pour concevoir de nouveaux développements expérimentaux de TTT actif et de courte durée et fournit une base pour mener une analyse quantitative approfondie des processus de transport advectifs et conductifsSe llevó a cabo una prueba de trazador termal activo y de corta duración en un acuífero sedimentario somero en el sitio de prueba en Lauswiesen cercano a Tübingen Alemania Mediante la inyección de 16 m3 de agua templada a 22°C se creó una anomalía termal la cual se propagó a lo largo de la dirección de flujo subterráneo local Esto fue exhaustivamente monitoreado en cinco pozos de observación a unos pocos metros de distancia El propósito de este experimento bien controlado fue determinar la aplicabilidad de tal TTT y su adecuación para examinar las características hidráulicas de acuíferos heterogéneos Los resultados mostraron que los tiempos de llegada del pico termal en los pozos de observación eran consistentes con las observaciones previas de las pruebas de campo alternativas tales como el registro de la inyección directa por presión DPIL El análisis combinado de temperaturas dependientes de la profundidad y los tiempos de llegada del pico y la comparación con un modelo numérico de transporte de calor ofrece un conocimiento valioso en el campo de flujo natural y la distribución espacial de las conductividades hidráulicas El estudio fue capaz para identificar el flujo vertical centrado y puenteado los cuales son atribuidos a las trayectorias de flujo preferencial comunes en tales acuíferos sedimentarios de arena y grava Estos hallazgos son fundamentales para un desarrollo adicional de diseños experimentales de TTTs activos y de corta duración y proveen una base para un análisis más cuantitativo de los procesos de transporte advectivo y conductivo在德国Tübingen 附近的Lauswiesen试验场进行了浅层沉积岩含水层有效的、短历时的地热示踪试验。注入了16立方米的22度温水使之产生热异常并沿本地地下水流方向传播。然后在间隔几米远的5口观测井进行监测。这个井控实验的目的就是确定地热示踪试验的可行性及检查异质含水层水力特征的适用性。结果显示观测井热峰达到时间与先前选择性的野外实验如直推注入测井观测结果一致。与深度有关的温度、峰值达到时间的总和分析及与数值热传输模型对比对了解天然水流场和导水率提供了重要信息。研究能够确定垂直水流的重点和非重点这归因于优先流通道优先流通道在这样的沉积沙砾含水层中很普遍。这些发现对进一步开发有效的、短历时地热失踪实验的实验设计至关重要并可对平流和传导传输过程进行更大程度上的定量分析奠定基础。Foi efetuado um teste de traçador térmico ativo de curta duração TTT num aquífero sedimentar livre no local de testes de Lauswiesen próximo de Tübingen na Alemanha Injetando 16 m3 de água quente a 22°C foi criada uma anomalia a qual se propagou ao longo da direção de fluxo de água subterrânea Isto foi monitorizado com alguma segurança em cinco furos de monitorização a poucos metros de distância O propósito desta experiência controlada foi determinar a praticabilidade de tal TTT e a sua aplicação para determinar as caraterísticas hidráulicas dos aquíferos heterogéneos Os resultados mostraram que os tempos de chegada dos picos térmicos aos furos de observação eram consistentes com observações prévias a partir de campos de testes alternativos tais como registos de injeções diretas forçadas DPIL As análises combinadas das temperaturas dependentes da profundidade e dos tempos de chegada dos picos e a comparação com um modelo de transporte numérico de calor fornecem pistas valiosas sobre o campo natural de fluxo e a distribuição espacial das condutividades hidráulicas O estudo permitiu identificar fluxos focalizados verticais e bypasses os quais foram atribuídos a linhas de fluxo preferenciais comuns neste tipo de aquíferos constituídos por areia e seixo Estas identificações são fundamentais para o futuro desenvolvimento de esquemas experimentais de TTT ativas e de curta duração e providenciam as bases para uma análise mais quantitativa dos processos de transporte advetivo e condutivoThis research was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation SNSF under grant number 200021L 144288 and the German Research Foundation DFG under grant number BL 1015/41 We are also grateful to Uwe Schneidewind and Wolfgang Kürner for their support during the field campaign and two anonymous reviewers for their fruitful comments
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