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Title of Journal: Hydrogeol J

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Abbravation: Hydrogeology Journal

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Springer-Verlag

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DOI

10.1007/s11240-015-0787-2

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1435-0157

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Simulated impacts of artificial groundwater rechar

Authors: Joshua W Kasper Judith M Denver Thomas E McKenna William J Ullman
Publish Date: 2010/09/02
Volume: 18, Issue: 8, Pages: 1855-1866
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Abstract

A numerical groundwaterflow model was used to characterize the source area and volume of Phillips Branch a baseflowdominated stream incising a highly permeable unconfined aquifer on the low relief Delmarva Peninsula USA Particletracking analyses indicate that the source area 551 km2 is ∼20 smaller than the topographically defined watershed 685 km2 and recharge entering ∼37 of the surface watershed does not discharge to Phillips Branch Groundwater residence time within the source volume ranges from a few days to almost 100 years with 95 of the volume “flushing” within 50 years Artificial discharge from groundwater pumping alters the shape of the source area and reduces baseflow due to the interception of stream flow paths but has limited impacts on the residence time of groundwater discharged as baseflow In contrast artificial recharge from landbased wastewater disposal substantially reduces the source area lowers the range in residence time due to the elimination of older flow paths to the stream and leads to increased discharge to adjacent surfacewater bodies This research suggests that in this and similar hydrogeologic settings the “watershed” approach to waterresource management may be limited particularly where anthropogenic stresses alter the transport of soluble contaminants through highly permeable unconfined aquifersUn modèle numérique d’écoulement souterrain était utilisé pour caractériser le bassin versant d’alimentation du Phillips Branch un ruisseau généralement peu influencé par lesécoulement superficiel qui recoupe un aquifère libre fortement perméable dans le relief faible de la Péninsule de Delmarva EtatsUnis Le suivi des particules indique que la surface d’alimentation 551 km² est inférieure d’environ 20 à l’aire du bassin versant topographique 685 km² et que environ 37 du volume de réalimentation du bassin versant superficiel ne se retrouve pas à l’exutoire du Philips Branch Le temps de séjour souterrain est compris entre quelques jours et 100 ans avec 95 du volume total étant « étant évacué » en moins de 50 ans La décharge par pompage altère la forme du domaine d’écoulement et réduit le débit de base lié à l’interception des chenaux d’écoulement mais a un impact limité sur les temps de séjour des eaux souterraines alimentant le débit de base Par contre la réalimentation artificielle par les installations d’assainissement diminue l’aire d’alimentation réduit le temps de séjour en évitant les cheminements longs vers le ruisseau et augmente l’alimentation des masses d’eau superficielles adjacentes Cette recherche suggère que dans un contexte hydrogéologique similaire « l’approche par bassin versant » de la gestion des eaux peut présenter certaines limites notamment lorsque des contraintes anthropiques modifient le transport de polluants solubles à travers des aquifères libres fortement perméablesUn modelo de flujo numérico de agua subterránea fue usado para caracterizar el área y volúmenes fuente de Phillips Branch una corriente dominada por flujo base que incisiona un acuífero no confinado altamente permeable en el relieve bajo de la península Delmarva EEUU El análisis de seguimiento de partículas indican que el área fuente 551 km2 es ∼20 más pequeña que la cuenca definida topográficamente 685 km2 y que la recarga entrante que es ∼37 de la superficie de la cuenca no descarga al Phillips Branch El tiempo de residencia del agua subterránea dentro del volumen de la fuente varía entre pocos días a a casi 100 años con 95 del volumen “escurrido” en 50 años La descarga artificial a partir del bombeo del agua subterránea altera la forma del área fuente y reduce el flujo de base debido a la intercepción de las trayectorias del flujo de la corriente pero tiene impactos limitados en el tiempo de residencia del agua subterránea que descarga como flujo de base En contraste la recarga artificial a partir de la disposición de aguas residuales en la tierra reduce sustancialmente el área fuente disminuye el intervalo del tiempo de residencia debido a la eliminación de viejas trayectorias del flujo hacia la corriente y conduce una descarga incrementada a cuerpos adyacentes de aguas superficiales Esta investigación sugiere que en esta y similares configuraciones hidrogeológicas el enfoque de la “cuenca de drenaje” para el manejo del recurso agua puede estar limitado particularmente donde las tensiones antropogénica alteran el transporte de contaminantes solubles a través de acuíferos no confinados altamente permeables应用地下水流动数值模型描述Phillips Branch河源区的面积和体积。该河以基流为主 切割了美国地势平缓的Delmarva半岛上一个高渗透潜水含水层。质点径迹分析表明 补给区 551 km2 较之按地形圈定的流域面积 685 km2 小 ∼ 20 地表流域 ∼37的补给量未泄入Phillips Branch河。源区地下水滞留时间自几天至接近100年 95在50年内。由于阻截了径流路径 抽取地下水造成的人工排泄改变了补给区的形状 并使基流量减少 但是对以基流形式排泄的地下水的驻留时间的影响有限。相反 由于来自陆地污水处理场的人工补给消除了以前到河流的径流路径 明显缩小了源区面积 并减小了驻留时间的变化范围 导致向邻近地表水体的排泄量增加。该研究表明 在这种和类似的水文地质背景中 水资源管理中的流域方法可能是有局限的 特别是在人类活动改变了强透水潜水含水层中可溶污染物迁移的地区。Foi utilizado um modelo numérico de fluxo de águas subterrâneas para caracterizar a área de origem e o volume de água de Phillips Branch um ribeiro dominado por fluxo de base incidindo num aquífero livre de elevada permeabilidade nas terras baixas da Península Delmarva EUA Análises de rastreio de partículas indicam que a área de origem 551 km2 é aproximadamente 20 menor do que a bacia hidrográfica definida topograficamente 685 km2 e que a recarga que ocorre em cerca de 37 da superfície da bacia hidrográfica não descarrega para o ribeiro Phillips Branch O tempo de residência das águas subterrâneas correspondentes aos volumes de descarga no ribeiro varia de poucos dias a quase 100 anos com 95 do volume de “saídas” a ocorrem no prazo de 50 anos A descarga artificial efectuada pelo bombeamento das águas subterrâneas modifica a forma da área de origem e reduz o fluxo de base devido à intercepção das linhas de fluxo do ribeiro mas tem impacte limitado sobre o tempo de residência das águas subterrâneas descarregadas como fluxo de base Ao contrário a recarga artificial por águas residuais reduz substancialmente a área de origem diminui o intervalo no tempo de residência devido à eliminação das linhas de fluxo antigas que corriam para o ribeiro e leva ao aumento da descarga para massas de água superficiais adjacentes Esta pesquisa sugere que nas condições hidrogeológicas presentes e similares a abordagem da “bacia hidrográfica” para a gestão dos recursos hídricos pode ser limitada especialmente quando as pressões antropogénicas alteram o transporte de contaminantes solúveis em aquíferos não confinados de elevada permeabilidadeThe authors acknowledge the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control DNREC Delaware Geological Survey DGS US Geological Survey USGS and Department of Geological Sciences at the University of Delaware for providing data and financial and in kind support to JW Kasper while a graduate student AS Andres DGS SW Ator USGS and SC Cooper USGS are gratefully acknowledged for reviewing the draft manuscript and providing valuable suggestions for its improvement Two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments that greatly improved the final manuscript


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