Journal Title
Title of Journal: Hydrogeol J
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Abbravation: Hydrogeology Journal
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Publisher
Springer-Verlag
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Authors: Cécile Claret Andrew J Boulton
Publish Date: 2008/10/24
Volume: 17, Issue: 1, Pages: 151-
Abstract
The pervious lateral bars parafluvial zone and beds hyporheic zone where stream water and groundwater exchange are dynamic sites of hydrological and biological retention The significance of these biogeochemical ‘hotspots’ to stream and groundwater metabolism is largely controlled by filtration capacity defined as the extent to which subsurface flowpaths and matrix hydraulic conductivity modify water characteristics Where hydraulic conductivity is high gradients in biogeochemistry and microbial activity along subsurface flowpaths were hypothesized to be less marked than where hydraulic conductivity is low This hypothesis was tested in two riffles and gravel bars in an Australian subtropical stream At one site gradients in chemical and microbial variables along flowpaths were associated with reduced hydraulic conductivity longer water residence time and reduced filtration capacity compared with the second site where filtration capacity was greater and longitudinal biogeochemical trends were dampened These results imply that factors affecting the sediment matrix in this subtropical stream can alter filtration capacity interstitial microbial activity and biogeochemical gradients along subsurface flowpaths This hydroecological approach also indicates potential for a simple field technique to estimate filtration capacity and predict the prevailing hyporheic gradients in microbial activity and biogeochemical processing efficiency with significant implications for stream ecosystem functionLes bancs de graviers perméables latérales zone parafluviale et du fond des cours d’eau zone hyporhéique où il y a échange entre eau de surface et eau souterraine sont des sites actifs de rétention hydrologique et biologique L’importance de ces zones spécifiques pour le métabolisme des cours d’eau et des eaux souterraines est largement contrôlée par la capacité de filtration définie comme l’étendue pour laquelle les flux de subsurface et les conductivités hydrauliques modifient les caractéristiques de l’eau Lorsque la conductivité hydraulique est élevée les gradients biogéochimiques et d’activité microbienne le long des flux de subsurface sont supposés être moins marqués que pour des conductivités hydrauliques faibles Cette hypothèse a été testée sur deux radiers et bancs de galets d’une rivière subtropicale d’Australie Sur un des sites les gradients des variables chimiques et microbiennes le long du flux sont associés une conductivité hydraulique réduite une augmentation des temps de résidence et une diminution de la capacité de filtration alors que sur le second site la capacité de filtration est plus importante et les tendances biogéochimiques sont plus amorties Ces résultats impliquent que la matrice sédimentaire de cette rivière subtropicale peut altérer la capacité de filtration l’activité microbienne interstitielle et les gradients biogéochimiques le long des circulations de subsurface de subsurface Cette approche hydroécologique indique également qu’une technique de terrain simple peut permettre l’estimation de la capacité de filtration et des gradients hyporhéiques d’activité microbienne et l’efficacité des processus biogéochimiques avec une implication forte pour le fonctionnement des écosystèmes fluviauxLos bancos laterales permeables zona parafluvial y los lechos zona hiporreica donde se intercambian el agua fluvial y el agua subterránea son sitios dinámicos de retención hidrológica y biológica La importancia de estos puntos biogeoquímicos claves respecto al metabolismo en la corriente y en las aguas subterráneas está fundamentalmente controlada por la capacidad de filtración definida como el grado en que el flujo subsuperficial y la matriz de conductividad hidráulica modifican las características del agua Se planteó la hipótesis que en los sitios en que la conductividad hidráulica es alta los gradientes en la actividad biogeoquímica y microbiana a través de los flujos subsuperficiales eran menos marcados que donde conductividad hidráulica era baja Esta hipótesis fue probada en dos rápidos y barras de gravas en una corriente fluvial subtropical de Australia En un sitio los gradientes de las variables químicas y microbianas a través del flujo estuvieron asociadas con una conductividad hidráulica reducida un tiempo de residencia del agua más prolongado y una reducida capacidad de filtración comparada con el segundo sitio donde la capacidad de filtración era mayor y la tendencias biogeoquímicas longitudinales fueron amortiguadas Estos resultados implican que los factores que afectan a la matriz de sedimentos en esta corriente subtpropical pueden alterar la capacidad de filtración la actividad microbiana intersticial y los gradientes biogeoquímicos a través del flujo subsuperficial Este enfoque hidroecológico también indica las posibilidades de una técnica simple de campo para estimar la capacidad de filtración y predecir los gradientes hiporreicos predominantes en la actividad microbiana y la eficiencia de los procesos biogeoquímicos con importantes consecuencias para el funcionamiento del ecosistema de la corriente fluvial可透水的河岸沙坝 河岸带 和河床 交错带 是地下水和地表水发生交换的主要区域 同时也是易发生水流和生物阻滞的场所。渗透能力 即地下径流方向和相应的含水层骨架的渗透系数对水中各项特征的影响程度 很大程度上决定着这些生物地球化学“热点”在地下水与地表水的交替中所起的作用。有假说认为 在地下水径流方向上 水力传导率越大 生物地球化学和微生物活度的变化梯度值越低。在澳洲的亚热带地区的两个河流及其两侧砾石坝中对这个假设进行了检验。在沿径流方向渗透系数降低、水滞留时间加长、渗透能力降低的一处试验点 化学和微生物变量的梯度变化较大。另一渗透能力较大而沿流向生物地球化学趋势减缓。结果显示 在亚热带地区的河流中 影响含水层骨架的因素将同样改变渗透能力、裂隙中微生物活度和地下水径流方向上生物地球化学梯度。这个水文生态方法在河流生态系统功能上具有重要的指示作用 在评估渗透能力和预测主要交错带上微生物活度和生物地球化学梯度 有可能成为一个简单的野外技术方法。As barras laterais anteriores zona parafluvial e as camadas zona hiporreica onde a água do rio e a água subterrânea interagem são locais dinâmicos de retenção hidrológica e biológica A influência destes pontos quentes hotspots biogeoquímicos no metabolismo das linhas de água e da água subterrânea é fortemente controlada pela capacidade de filtração definida como a intensidade da alteração das características da água devido aos fluxos subsuperficiais e à condutividade hidráulica da matriz Nos locais onde a condutividade hidráulica é elevada supôsse que os gradientes biogeoquímicos e de actividade microbiológica ao longo das linhas de fluxo subsuperficial eram menos marcados do que nos locais onde a condutividade hidráulica é baixa Esta suposição foi testada em dois pontos com sedimentos que provocam a formação de rápidos no leito do rio e que constituem barras de cascalho numa linha de água subtropical australiana Num dos locais os gradientes das variáveis químicas e microbiológicas estavam associados a uma condutividade hidráulica baixa tempo de residência de água mais elevado e capacidade de filtração reduzida comparativamente ao segundo local onde a capacidade de filtração era mais elevada e as tendências biogeoquímicas longitudinais eram ténues Estes resultados revelam que os factores que afectam a matriz do sedimento desta linha de água subtropical podem modificar a capacidade de filtração a actividade microbiológica intersticial e os gradientes biogeoquímicos ao longo de linhas de fluxo subsuperficiais Esta metodologia hidroecológica revela também potencial como técnica de campo simples para estimar a capacidade de filtração e prever os gradientes hiporreicos dominantes da actividade microbiológica e a eficiência dos processos biogeoquímicos os quais têm implicações significativas no funcionamento do ecossistema dos riosThis work was supported by funding from the Australian Research Council The authors warmly thank Marion Costigan and Paul Lisle University of New England for their help in the laboratory and the Guest Editor and three anonymous reviewers for comments on early drafts of this paper
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