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                                            Journal Title Title of Journal: Hydrogeol J |  
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              Abbravation: Hydrogeology Journal |  
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                                            Publisher Springer-Verlag |  
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              Authors: Michiel Pronk Nico Goldscheider Jakob Zopfi Publish Date: 2005/06/11Volume: 14, Issue: 4, Pages: 473-484 AbstractThe dynamics of organic carbon OC turbidity faecal indicator bacteria and physicochemical parameters was studied in a karst system near Yverdon Switzerland Online measurements and sampling were done at a swallow hole draining an agricultural surface the input and two groups of springs the outputs that often show bacterial contamination A fluorescent tracer that was injected into the swallow hole during lowflow conditions first arrived at the springs 10–12 days after injection the total recovery rate was 29 Previous tracer tests during highflow conditions gave shorter travel times After a major rainfall event a primary turbidity peak was observed at the springs It coincides with the rising limb of the hydrograph indicating remobilisation of autochthonous particles from the aquifer A secondary turbidity peak occurs several days later suggesting the arrival of allochthonous particles from the swallow hole Wider peaks of OC and bacteria were observed simultaneously Applying methods from molecular microbiology PCRDGGE allowed characterisation of the bacterial communities at the swallow hole and the springs The results demonstrate that the swallow hole is an important source of groundwater contamination while its contribution to aquifer recharge is insignificant OC appears to be a better indicator for bacterial contamination than turbidityLa dynamique du carbone organique de la turbidité des bactéries indicatrices de contamination fécale et d’autres paramètres physicochimiques a été étudiée dans un système karstique proche de la ville d’YverdonlesBains Suisse Des mesures en continu ainsi que des échantillonnages ont été effectués à une perte drainant une zone agricole input et à deux groupes sourciers output qui montrent fréquemment une contamination bactérienne En période d’étiage un essai de traçage à l’uranine a été réalisé depuis la perte Le traceur est apparu aux sources 10–12 jours après l’injection la masse de restitution totale a été de 29 Des essais précédents réalisés en hautes eaux ont montré des temps de transit plus court Suite à un événement pluvieux important un pic de turbidité primaire synchrone avec l’augmentation du débit est observé aux sources indiquant une remobilisation des sédiments autochtones de l’aquifère Un pic de turbidité secondaire apparaît quelques jours plus tard aux sources suggérant l’arrivée de matériel allochtone de la perte Cette dernière est accompagnée de pics plus larges de carbone organique et des bactéries indicatrices de contamination fécale La microbiologie moléculaire PCRDGGE a permis la caractérisation des communautés bactériennes de la perte et des sources Ces résultats démontrent l’importante influence de la perte sur la qualité de l’eau souterraine alors que sa contribution au débit du système est négligeable Le carbone organique semble être un meilleur indicateur de la présence de contamination bactérienne que la turbiditéSe ha estudiado la dinámica del carbono orgánico turbiedad una bacteria indicadora de fecales y parámetros fisicoquímicos en un sistema kárstico cerca de Yverdon Suiza Se realizaron mediciones en línea y muestreo en un sumidero que drena una superficie agrícola la entrada y dos grupos de manantiales las salidas que frecuentemente muestran contaminación bacterial Un trazador fluorescente que se inyectó en el sumidero durante condiciones de flujo bajo arribó en los manantiales por vez primera 10–12 días después de que fue inyectado el ritmo total de recuperación fue de 29 Las pruebas de trazadores realizadas con anterioridad bajo condiciones de flujo alto aportaron tiempos de viaje más cortos Después de una tormenta fuerte se observó un pico de turbiedad primario en los manantiales El pico coincide con el limbo ascendente del hidrograma indicando remobilización de partículas alóctonas provenientes del acuífero Un pico de turbiedad secundario ocurre varios días más tarde sugiriendo el arribo de partículas alóctonas provenientes del sumidero Se observaron simultáneamente picos más amplios de carbono orgánico y bacteria La aplicación de métodos de microbiología molecular PCRDGGE permitieron caracterizar las comunidades de bacteria en el sumidero y los manantiales Los resultados demuestran que el sumidero es una fuente importante de contaminación de aguas subterráneas mientras que su contribución a la recarga del acuífero es insignificante El carbono orgánico parece ser un mejor indicador de contaminación bacterial que la turbiedadThe Energy Service of Yverdon SEY funded this study We are grateful to ClaudeOlivier Pelet Olivier Flückiger and Pierre Siegrist SEY for the good cooperation We thank Dr PierreAndré Schnegg for his outstanding field fluorometers MariEve Farine Vanessa Di Marzo and Ana Slijepceviv for laboratory work François Bourret for technical support and our trainee Xavier Drogue for testing the measuring devices We thank Pierre Gutzwiler SIGRIST Photometer AG for the good cooperation and MeteoSwiss for the precipitation data We thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and Dr David Drew for language corrections This study was carried out in order to prepare the BEKARST project subproject KARSTDYN dynamics of microbial communities organic carbon and particles in karst groundwater which is funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation since October 2004 Project No 200020105427 
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