Authors: Haibo Zhang Yongming Luo Longhua Wu Yujuan Huang Peter Christie
Publish Date: 2014/10/30
Volume: 22, Issue: 8, Pages: 5908-5918
Abstract
Veterinary antibiotics VAs are emerging contaminants and enter into soil principally by agricultural application of organic fertilizer A total of 33 solid animal manures and 17 compost samples from protected vegetable farms in nine areas of China were analyzed for the antibiotic classes of tetracyclines fluoroquinolones sulfonamides and macrolides 17 substances in total Oxytetracycline was found as a dominant compound in the samples and its highest concentration reached 4168 mg kg−1 in a chicken manure sample from Shouguang Shandong Province Among the samples animal manures especially pig manure contained higher VA residues than composts However fluoroquinolones exhibited higher persistence in the compost samples than other antibiotic classes This is particularly the case in the rice husk compost which contained the highest level of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin 13345 and 17174 μg kg−1 on average respectively The veterinary antibiotic profile in the risk husk compost had a good relationship with that in the corresponding manures The refined commercial compost had the lowest VA residues among the compost samples in general This implied that composting process might be important to reduce the antibiotic residue High residue of antibiotics in soil was assumed to be a hazard to ecosystem This is especially noticeable under current application rates 150 t ha−1 a−1 in protected vegetable farming because over half of the samples exhibited a risk quotient RQ 1 for one or more antibiotics
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