Authors: M Koçak N Mihalopoulos E Tutsak C Theodosi P Zarmpas P Kalegeri
Publish Date: 2015/07/16
Volume: 22, Issue: 22, Pages: 18076-18092
Abstract
Daily PM10 and PM25 samples were collected between April 2009 and July 2010 at a rural site Sinop situated on the coast of the Central Black Sea The concentrations of PM10 and PM25 were 232 ± 167 and 98 ± 69 μg m−3 respectively Coarse and fine filters were analyzed for Cl− NO3 − SO4 2− C2O4 2− PO4 3− Na+ NH4 + K+ Mg2+ and Ca2+ by using ion chromatography Elemental and organic carbon content in bulk quartz filters were also analyzed The highest PM25 contribution to PM10 was found in summer with a value of 054 due to enhanced secondary aerosols in relation to photochemistry Cl− Na+ and Mg2+ illustrated their higher concentrations and variability during winter Chlorine depletion was chiefly attributed to nitrate Higher nssCa2+ concentrations were ascribed to episodic mineral dust intrusions from North Africa into the region Crustal material 31 and sea salt 13 were found to be accounted for the majority of the PM10 The ionic mass IM particulate organic matter POM and elemental carbon EC explained 13 20 and 3 of the PM10 mass correspondingly The IM POM and EC dominated the PM25 ~74 mass Regarding EU legislation the exceeded PM25 values were found to be associated with secondary aerosols with a particular dominance of POM For the exceeded PM10 values six of the events were dominated by dust while two and four of these exceedances were caused by sea salt and mix events respectivelyThe research leading to these results was received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/20072013 under grant agreement no 212095 CityZen and has received funding from EC under FP7 Theme “Oceans of Tomorrow” OCEAN20113 grant agreement no 287600 Perseus Ersin Tutsak and Pınar Kalegeri acknowledge the support provided by TÜBİTAK through 113Y107 Aerosol optical thickness aerosol index and precipitation values used in this study were produced with the Giovanni online data system developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC We also acknowledge the MODIS and OMI mission scientists and associated NASA personnel for the production of the data used in this research effort The authors express sincere gratitude to Prof Dr Sedat Karayücel Sinop University Fisheries Faculty for his support during aerosol collection and three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions
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