Does the Plant Matrix Type Have Impact on Rutin Tr

Authors: Andrzej L Dawidowicz Katarzyna Bernacik Rafal Typek

Publish Date: 2016/01/05

Volume: 9, Issue: 7, Pages: 2042-2051

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Abstract

Rutin is a flavonoid glycoside found in many plants It is used as medication and an ingredient of numerous multivitamin preparations and herbal remedies due to its biomedical activity The present paper deals with transformation processes of rutin during its extraction by methanol ethanol and their aqueous mixtures from Aronia melanocarpa M E and Sambucus nigra L fruits Hypericum perforatum L herb and Tussilago farfara L leaves known as ones of the most riches in rutin plant materials It has been established that the transformation degree of rutin during its extraction depends not only on extraction time and extractant type but also to a high degree on the plant matrix type Differences in the degree of rutin transformation are influenced by the matrix components in the examined plants The reported results are particularly important for researchers investigating plant metabolism and looking for new plant componentsMore and more attention has been paid recently to the role and application of secondary plant metabolites which due to their biochemical properties are often applied by physicians pharmacists dieticians etc Bourgaud et al 2001 Crozier et al 2006 Kennedy and Wightman 2011 Pandey and Rizvi 2009 Rutin being a secondary plant metabolite is one of the highly valued compounds Its antifungal antibacterial antiinflammatory and anticancer properties and the ability of radical scavenging are most frequently discussed Biesaga 2011 Guardia et al 2001 Mohd Zainol et al 2009 NavarroNúñez et al 2008 Wang et al 2011 Yang et al 2008 You et al 2010 These properties require better knowledge of rutin itself its transformations and its occurrence and metabolism in plants An inquiry into the analytical procedures involving rutin is an important step in this cognition process The analysis of plant constituents requires the application of sample preparation methods allowing for full isolation of the analyzed substances from the plant matrix Dawidowicz and Wianowska 2009 The most procedures of rutin determination in plants involve their hightemperature extraction prior to HPLC analysis and the application of methanol and methanolwater mixtures as extractants Andrade et al 1997 Dawidowicz et al 2003 SuárezQuiroz et al 2014 Uppugundla et al 2009 Wianowska et al 2015In our previous studies Dawidowicz et al 2016 we found that as many as 23 derivative compounds and reaction products with methanol were formed from rutin during its extraction by methanol or methanol/water solution These compounds can be mistakenly treated as new compounds not found before in the examined plant or can be a cause of erroneous quantitative estimations of plant composition We concluded that more detailed experiments with rutin extraction from flowers of Sambucus nigra L were needed to determine the possible influence of the plant matrix type on rutin transformation and degradation processes To see if this is indeed the case we examined in this study the transformation process of rutin during its extraction from Aronia melanocarpa M E and S nigra L fruits Hypericum perforatum L herb and Tussilago farfara L leaves rutinrich plant materials As the rutin concentration level in the examined plant materials is different all extractions were performed with a similar rutin amount in the extraction systems to maintain a similar quantitative ratio between rutin and extractant Consequently the amounts of the selected plant materials in the extraction processes had to be different Methanol ethanol and their mixtures with water were applied as extractants in all the experimentsThe A melanocarpa fruits M E S nigra L fruits H perforatum L herb and T farfara L leaves cultivated in the eastern part of Poland were airdried at +35 °C and stored at +4 °C Acetonitrile HPLC methanol and ethanol were purchased from the Polish Chemical Plant POCh Gliwice Poland and formic acid from SigmaAldrich Seelze Germany Water was purified on the MilliQ system from Millipore Millipore Bedford MA USAInvestigations of the rutin transformation process were performed by heating plant material suspensions in methanol or ethanol or alcohol/water 75/25 v/v mixtures The glass equipment consisted of a boiling flask 100 mL and a small condenser The heated plant suspensions were composed of 50 mL of a given extractant and an amount of plant material containing about 10 mg of rutin Rough rutin concentration in the examined plants was established prior to the experiments following the procedure described below Individual plant suspensions were heated for 1 or 2 or 3 h The extracts were centrifuged and the obtained supernatants were subjected to liquid chromatographymass spectrometrydiode array detector LCMSPDA analysis

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