Authors: J D Berger B J Buirchell D J Luckett M N Nelson
Publish Date: 2011/11/03
Volume: 124, Issue: 4, Pages: 637-652
Abstract
In contrast to most widespread broadacre crops the narrowleafed lupin Lupinus angustifolius L was domesticated very recently in breeding programmes isolated in both space and time Whereas domestication was initiated in Central Europe in the early twentieth century the crop was subsequently industrialized in Australia which now dominates world production To investigate the ramifications of these bottlenecks the genetic diversity of wild n = 1248 and domesticated populations n = 95 was characterized using diversity arrays technology and adaptation studied using G × E trials n = 31 comprising all Australian cultivars released from 1967 to 2004 n = 23 Principal coordinates analysis demonstrates extremely limited genetic diversity in European and Australian breeding material compared to wild stocks AMMI analysis indicates that G × E interaction is a minor albeit significant effect dominated by strong responses to local Western Australian WA optima Over time Australian cultivars have become increasingly responsive to warm intermediate rainfall environments in the northern WA grainbelt but much less so to cool vegetative phase eastern environments which have considerably more yield potential G × E interaction is well explained by phenology and its interaction with seasonal climate as a result of varying vernalization responses Yield differences are minimized when vegetative phase temperatures fully satisfy the vernalization requirement typical of eastern Australia and maximized when they do not typical of WA In breeding for WA optima the vernalization response has been eliminated and there has been strong selection for terminal drought avoidance through early phenology which limits yield potential in longer season eastern environments Conversely vernalizationresponsive cultivars are more yieldresponsive in the east where low temperatures moderately extend the vegetative phase The confounding of phenology and vernalization response limits adaptation in narrowleafed lupin isolates breeding programmes and should be eliminated by widening the flowering time range in a vernalizationunresponsive background Concomitantly breeding strategies that will widen the genetic base of the breeding pool in an ongoing manner should be initiatedThe authors would like to acknowledge generous research funding support from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation CSIRO the Department of Agriculture and Food DAFWA the Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture at the University of Western Australia CLIMA and the Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation GRDC Ms Christiane Ludwig Rebecca Parsons and Mr Damber Shrestha are thanked for their technical expertise particularly for working in farflung field sites
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