Markers of Inflammation Are Inversely Related to P

Authors: Hjelstuen Anne Anderssen Sigmund A Holme Ingar Seljeflot Ingebørg Klemsdal Tor Ole

Publish Date: 2006/07/01

Volume: 19, Issue: 7, Pages: 669-675

PDF Link

Abstract

Anne Hjelstuen Sigmund A Anderssen Ingar Holme Ingebørg Seljeflot Tor Ole Klemsdal Markers of Inflammation Are Inversely Related to Physical Activity and Fitness in Sedentary Men With Treated Hypertension American Journal of Hypertension Volume 19 Issue 7 July 2006 Pages 669–675 https//doiorg/101016/jamjhyper200511012The participants n = 177 40 to 74 years of age who were randomly recruited from the Hypertension High Risk Management Trial HYRIM were overweight and had sedentary lifestyles The inflammatory markers highsensitivity Creactive protein hsCRP soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule–1 sVCAM1 soluble intercellular adhesion molecule1 SICAM1 and soluble Eselectin sEselectin and the hemostatic markers soluble thrombomodulin sTM von Willebrand factor vWf and tissue plasminogen activator antigen tPAag were measured Physical activity was measured by use of a questionnaire Time to exhaustion in a bicycle test was used as an expression of physical fitnessThe hsCRP showed a significant inverse relationship with physical fitness independent of major cardiovascular risk factors P = 017 but was not related to physical activity The sEselectin was significantly related to physical activity although only when other factors were taken into account P = 033 and it had no significant association with physical fitness In addition there were strong associations between hsCRP and sICAM1 and the Framingham Coronary Heart Disease risk score P 001The observed inverse relations between physical fitness and hsCRP and between level of physical activity and sEselectin in drugtreated hypertensive sedentary men indicates a beneficial effect of good fitness status as well as activity of low intensity on vessel wall inflammationEndothelial dysfunction an early step in the atherosclerotic process is characterized by increased expression of the cellular adhesion molecules CAM vascular cell adhesion molecule–1 VCAM1 intercellular adhesion molecule–1 ICAM1 and Eselectin contributing to chronic subendothelial inflammation1 Concurrently a rise in the endothelial secretion of von Willebrand factor vWf and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 PAI1 promotes thrombus formation Elevated levels of soluble thrombomodulin sTM a component of the endothelial cell membrane has been regarded a marker of endothelial cell damage2 The soluble s forms of these endothelial related components are used as markers of inflammatory and hemostatic disturbances and endothelial injury and hence of atherosclerotic activity3 Furthermore Creactive protein has emerged as a useful inflammatory marker and predictor of cardiovascular risk when measured by high sensitivity tests hsCRP4 In addition CRP seems to promote inflammation itself and has been shown to induce endothelial expression of CAM in vitro5Physical inactivity6 and low physical fitness7 are both independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease CVD There is increasing evidence that the beneficial effect of increased physical activity is exerted partly by reducing vessel wall inflammation89 and prothrombotic activity10Individuals with drugtreated hypertension are commonly met in everyday medical practice and their high blood pressures are often accompanied by numerous other risk factors Recent reports indicate that the prevalence of hypertension again is increasing in some western populations partly because of the increase in obesity11 It is well recognized that a broader intervention than treatment with antihypertensive drugs alone is needed to be effective in preventing coronary heart disease CHD in this group12 Nevertheless data on the effect of physical conditioning on biochemical markers of atherosclerosis among these patients are scarceThe objective of the present study was to investigate the relationships between markers of inflammation and hemostasis and the level of physical activity and physical fitness among sedentary drugtreated hypertensive men Even occasional13 and moderate activity7 are associated with health benefits Our hypothesis was therefore that despite a sedentary life differences in fitness and energy expenditure resulting from everyday activities might influence the risk of developing atherosclerosis and hence might be reflected in levels of inflammatory and hemostatic variables

Keywords: