Authors: Martine F Luxwolda Remko S Kuipers Ido P Kema E van der Veer D A Janneke DijckBrouwer Frits A J Muskiet
Publish Date: 2012/08/10
Volume: 52, Issue: 3, Pages: 1115-1125
Abstract
We studied serum 25OHD defined as 25OHD2 + 25OHD3 and its determinants in 5 East African ethnical groups across the life cycle Maasai MA and Hadzabe HA with traditional life styles and low fish intakes and people from Same SA intermediate fish Sengerema SE high fish and Ukerewe UK high fish Samples derived from nonpregnant adults MA HA SE pregnant women MA SA SE mother–infant couples at delivery UK infants at delivery and their lactating mothers at 3 days MA SA SE and lactating mothers at 3 months postpartum SA SE Erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid RBCDHA was determined as a proxy for fish intakeThe mean ± SD 25OHD of nonpregnant adults and cord serum were 1068 ± 284 and 799 ± 264 nmol/L respectively Pregnancy delivery ethnicity which we used as a proxy for sunlight exposure RBCDHA and age were the determinants of 25OHD 25OHD increased slightly with age RBCDHA was positively related to 25OHD notably 25OHD2 Pregnant MA 1477 vs 1183 and SE 1419 vs 890 had higher 25OHD than nonpregnant counterparts MA SE Infant 25OHD at delivery in Ukerewe was about 65 of maternal 25OHDOur ancient 25OHD amounted to about 115 nmol/L and sunlight exposure rather than fish intake was the principal determinant The fetoplacental unit was exposed to high 25OHD possibly by maternal vitamin D mobilization from adipose tissue reduced insulin sensitivity trapping by vitamin Dbinding protein diminished deactivation or some combinationWe thank NIMR Tanzania for their correspondence and help in the writing of our proposal for ethical clearance We further thank em Prof E R Boersma Prof J J M van Roosmalen Prof S Massawe Prof A Massawe Prof G V Mann J van der Meulen P Gunneweg P Schwerzel R Shaffer Dr J Changalucha Drs C van Rij Sr M J Voeten J Lugalla G Msafiri N Mchomvu S Mazzuki rafiki Martini and all other staff doctors and nurses from the local hospitals in Tanzania for their help in our project We thank Dr M Volmer for his statistical and technical assistance and the VSB Foundation and FrieslandCampina Dr A Schaafsma for their financial support
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