Authors: Giacomo Colletti Anna Maria Ierardi
Publish Date: 2017/02/08
Volume: 34, Issue: 3, Pages: 42-
Abstract
Venous malformations VMs are congenital vascular malformations They are very often misnamed and thus incorrectly managed The aim of the present paper is to provide the reader with the most updated literature available and to offer a detailed description of each single aspect of this disease In detail the paper discusses the epidemiology the embryological origins and the physiopathology of VMs Then the clinical features of sporadic inherited and syndromic VMs are discussed The instrumental diagnosis is presented and the role of US CT MRI and phlebography is pointed out Differential diagnoses with other vascular malformations and tumors are described The clinical session ends with the staging of VMs relying on MRI and rheological features All aspects of treatment are described conservative measures medical treatment sclerotherapy laser and surgery are thoroughly discussed A section is reserved to bony VMs Their clinical aspects and the appropriate treatment are presentedAll procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards
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