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Title of Journal: Microchim Acta

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Abbravation: Microchimica Acta

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Springer-Verlag

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DOI

10.1007/s00606-008-0051-x

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1436-5073

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Image Formation in Low Vacuum SEM

Authors: Bradley L Thiel
Publish Date: 2004/02/27
Volume: 145, Issue: 1-4, Pages: 243-247
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Abstract

The role of positive gaseous ions in the formation of secondary electron images in low vacuum scanning electron microscopes is discussed This paper describes the charging processes and related effects that occur during high vacuum imaging of insulators and then discusses the influence of ions on those processes The ions are responsible for a number of phenomena including distortion of the electric field above and below the specimen surface due to space charge removal of excess negative charge from the specimen alteration of the specimen surface barrier and scavenging/filtering of the secondary electron emission The resulting electronspecimenion interactions can give rise to interesting contrast effects that are unique to this class of instruments

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  9. Chemometrics to evaluate the quality of water sources for human consumption
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