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Title of Journal: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Abbravation: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Springer-Verlag

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DOI

10.1016/0378-1119(88)90239-9

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1432-0614

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Alginate beads provide a beneficial physical barri

Authors: Sergio A Covarrubias Luz E deBashan Manuel Moreno Yoav Bashan
Publish Date: 2011/10/27
Volume: 93, Issue: 6, Pages: 2669-2680
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Abstract

When the freshwater microalga Chlorella sorokiniana and the plant growthpromoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense were deployed as free suspensions in unsterile municipal wastewater for tertiary wastewater treatment their population was significantly lower compared with their populations in sterile wastewater At the same time the numbers of natural microfauna and wastewater bacteria increased Immobilization of C sorokiniana and A brasilense in small 2–4 mm in diameter polymer Caalginate beads significantly enhanced their populations when these beads were suspended in normal wastewater All microbial populations within and on the surface of the beads were evaluated by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with scanning electron microscopy and direct measurements Submerging immobilizing beads in wastewater created the following sequence of events a a biofilm composed of wastewater bacteria and A brasilense was created on the surface of the beads b the bead inhibited penetration of outside organisms into the beads c the bead inhibited liberation of the immobilized microorganisms into the wastewater and d permitted an uninterrupted reduction of ammonium and phosphorus from the wastewater This study demonstrated that wastewater microbial populations are responsible for decreasing populations of biological agents used for wastewater treatment and immobilization in alginate beads provided a protective environment for these agents to carry out uninterrupted tertiary wastewater treatmentAt CIBNOR we thank Felipe Ascencio and Concepcion Lara for the helpful discussions Ariel Cruz for scanning electron microscopy services and Ira Fogel for the editorial suggestions This study was supported by Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales SEMARNAT contract 23510 and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia CONACYTBasic Science2009 contract 130656 of Mexico and time for writing by The Bashan Foundation USA SAC was mainly supported by a graduate fellowship CONACYT 224134 and a small grant from the Bashan Foundation

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