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Title of Journal: Appl Phys A

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Abbravation: Applied Physics A

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Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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DOI

10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.10.006

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ISSN

1432-0630

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Structural and impedance spectroscopic studies of

Authors: Ahmed Kamal Muhammad Asif Rafiq Muhammad Nadeem Rafiq Muhammad Usman Moaz Waqar Muhammad Sabieh Anwar
Publish Date: 2016/11/21
Volume: 122, Issue: 12, Pages: 1037-
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Abstract

Polycrystalline leadfree 1 − xK05Na05Nb0995Mn0005O3–xCuO ceramics where 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 were synthesized using the conventional solidstate reaction method Xray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of singlephase possessing monoclinic symmetry for all the synthesized compositions Scanning electron microscopy revealed a dense microstructure along with increase in grains size with Cu doping in the KNNMn ceramics Impedance spectroscopy IS showed that Cu doping was found to be helpful in increasing the grain boundary resistance A temperaturedependent and nonDebyetype relaxation process was also revealed by IS studies The relaxation time for both bulk and grain boundary decreased with temperature indicating a hopping conduction mechanism The activation energy was found to be 04–05 eV indicating conduction of oxygen vacancies through hopping mechanism Insights gained from this work could be useful in designing the optimum composition and microstructure of KNNbased ceramics for practical applications

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