Authors: Kei Yamamoto Yuki Isogai Hiroyasu Sato Yoshitaka Taketomi Makoto Murakami
Publish Date: 2011/03/29
Volume: 400, Issue: 7, Pages: 1829-
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 PLA2 is a group of enzymes that hydrolyze the sn2 position of glycerophospholipids to yield fatty acids and lysophospholipids Of many PLA2s or related enzymes identified to date secreted PLA2s sPLA2s comprise the largest family that contains 10 catalytically active isozymes Besides arachidonic acid released from cellular membranes for eicosanoid synthesis several if not all sPLA2s have recently been implicated in hydrolysis of phospholipids in lipoprotein particles The sPLA2processed lowdensity lipoprotein LDL particles contain a large amount of lysophospholipids and exhibit the property of “smalldense” or “modified” LDL which facilitates foam cell formation from macrophages Transgenic overexpression of these sPLA2s leads to development of atherosclerosis in mice More importantly genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of particular sPLA2s significantly attenuates atherosclerosis and aneurysm In this article we will give an overview of current understanding of the role of sPLA2s in atherosclerosis with recent lipidomics data showing the action of a subset of sPLA2s on lipoprotein phospholipids
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